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Review article

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN LOW TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS

By
Andrzej Kowal ,
Andrzej Kowal

nstitute of Non-ferrous Metals Division in Poznan, Central Laboratory of Batteries and Cells, , Poznan , Poland

Faculty of Technology, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina

ELCATAK , Krakow , Poland

Dragica Chamovska ,
Dragica Chamovska
Contact Dragica Chamovska

Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje , Skopje , North Macedonia

Milovan Jotanovic ,
Milovan Jotanovic

Faculty of Technology, University of East Sarajevo , Lukavica , Bosnia and Herzegovina

Maciej Kopczyk
Maciej Kopczyk

Institute of Non-ferrous Metals Division in Poznan, Central Laboratory of Batteries and Cells , Poznan , Poland

Abstract

Classification of fuel cells is presented. Progress in low temperature fuel cells fueled by hydrogen, methanol and formic acid is discussed and the possible future use of fuel cells is indicated. Ethanol is a special fuel because it is available from renewable environmentally friendly sources and its oxidation product (CO2) can be transformed by photosynthesis to ethanol. The design of the anode catalyst for electrochemical ethanol oxidation in the Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) is described in some detail.

Citation

Authors retain copyright. This work is made freely available online under an open-access model under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC-http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/BY-NC-ND 4.0).

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